ABSTRACT
Paternally transmitted damage to offspring is recognized as a complex issue. Each parent contributes 23 chromosomes to a child; hence, it is necessary to know the effects of both maternal and paternal pre-and peri-conceptional exposure to drugs on pregnancy outcome. While there are many studies on the effects of maternal drug exposure on pregnancy outcome, literature on paternal exposure is scarce. Of late however, paternal exposure has been receiving increasing attention. We present a brief review on the safety of commonly used drugs in dermatology, focused on retinoids, immune suppressants, anti androgens and thalidomide.
ABSTRACT
Background: Shivering is a frequent complication of regional anaesthesia. This study aimed to compare efficacy of Dexmedetomidine and Tramadol in treating post subarachnoid block shivering and their side effects. Methods: Prospective, experimental, randomized, comparative study of 60 patients of ASA grade–l & II of either gender, aged 18 to 60 years scheduled for elective surgeries, under subarachnoid block were allocated to two groups: Group T (n=30) received intravenous (IV) Tramadol 0.5 mg/kg and Group D (n=30) received IV Dexmedetomidine 0.5 µg/kg. Grade of shivering, time interval from treatment to cessation of shivering, hemodynamics and side effects were observed. Results: Recovery time from shivering was 40.34(± 6.20) sec in Dexmedetomidine whereas 210.3(±26.97) sec in Tramadol group. Side effects nausea and vomiting in Tramadol group whereas sedation and adycardia in Dexmedetomidine group were significant. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine offers better thermodynamics than Tramadol.
ABSTRACT
Mitochondria have been an area of scientific study for more than 100 years. It was in early 20th century that Otto Warburg first described differences in the mitochondria of tumors v/s normal cells. It was observed that tumor cells have increased rate of aerobic glycolysis compared with normal cells. The study was carried out in patients diagnosed as premalignant and malignant conditions which had three objectives that is to demonstrate the presence or absence of mitochondria in cytological smears, in order to perform a semi-quantitative analysis on the number of mitochondria and to identify the difference in distribution mitochondria if any. The study was carried out in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology of S.P.D.C., Sawangi, Wardha with consent from patients and approval from the institutional ethical committee. 20 patients each diagnosed clinically and histo-pathologically with OSCC and Premalignant conditions or lesions respectively were selected for the purpose of the study. 20 subjects who had come for routine endodontic treatment were taken as control group for the purpose of the study. It was observed that there was even distribution of mitochondria throughout the cytoplasm in smear that had been taken from normal mucosa which appeared sharply defined whereas in premalignant mitochondria were located in the perinuclear zone and 10% in the peripheral zone and in malignant conditions distribution was sparse in the perinuclear area and appeared ill-defined.
ABSTRACT
Six soil samples (Pantnagar, Chamoli, Almora, Ranichauri, Pithoragarh and Badrinath) belonging to different geographical locations of Western Himalayas in India, were analyzed to diversify the nitrogen fixing bacterial community using nifH gene biomarker. DNA from soil samples were isolated and amplified using nifH gene specific primers. Genomic DNA and PCR amplified products were then individually subjected to restriction digestion with tetra to octacutter enzymes (AluI, MspI, BglII, XbaI, HindIII, HaeIII, AluI, MspI and PasI. Further, restriction pattern was studied by preparing dendograms on the basis of similarity matrix and compared for the nifH community. It was observed that temperate region soils (Ranichauri and Pithoragarh) were negative for nifH marker while subalpine region (Badrinath) and tarai region soils (Pantnagar) documented similar nifH community. Moreover, the direct genomic DNA restriction analysis indicated that subalpine region soil (Badrinath) was most diversified.